Q.113 Botany ⭐ 360° Option Elimination Active

NEET 2026 Botany Question 113 Solution

Topic: Morphology of Flowering Plants · Official NTA Booklet Code 50

Question

Which of the following are characteristic features of Solanaceae family? (a) Flowers are bisexual and actinomorphic (b) Calyx have five sepals and are united (c) Androecium have five stamens and are epipetalous (d) Ovary is inferior Choose the correct answer from the options given below:

(1)(a), (b) and (c) only
(2)(d) only
(3)(a) and (b) only
(4)(b), (c) and (d) only

✓

Verified Against NTA Final Answer Key

Option (1) : (a), (b) and (c) only

📚 Morphology of Flowering Plants Medium

📋 Given Parameters & Problem Setup

Family Solanaceae (Potato Family)

Candidate Features (a) Bisexual and actinomorphic flowers, (b) Calyx five sepals and united, (c) Androecium five stamens and epipetalous, (d) Ovary is inferior

⚡

The 30-Second Exam Hall Shortcut: ⚡ Superior Solanaceae Ovary Rule

⏱️ Save ~45 seconds

Solanaceae has a SUPERIOR ovary (G_), NOT an inferior one! (d) is FALSE!

1 Examine statement (d): "Ovary is inferior".

2 Recall the floral formula of Solanaceae: ⊕ ⚥ K₍₅₎ C₍₅₎ A₅ G₍₂₎ with superior ovary (hypogynous flower).

3 Therefore, statement (d) is definitively FALSE!

4 Eliminate any option containing (d): eliminates (2), eliminates (4).

5 Now choose between (1) [(a), (b) and (c) only] and (3) [(a) and (b) only].

6 Androecium has 5 stamens epipetalous (attached to petals) -> statement (c) is TRUE.

7 Select Option (1) in under 10 seconds!

🛡️

Why You Can 100% Trust This Shortcut: NCERT Biology · Morphology of Flowering Plants (Family Solanaceae Floral Formula: Bisexual, actinomorphic, K(5) C(5) A5 G(2) superior).

📐

Step-by-Step Rigorous Workflow & Mathematical Proof

Step 1

Analyze Statement (a): Symmetry & Sexuality

In Solanaceae (e.g., Solanum nigrum, Petunia, Datura), flowers are bisexual (hermaphrodite, ⚥) and actinomorphic (radial symmetry, ⊕).

\text{Floral Symmetry} = \oplus \quad \text{and} \quad \text{Sexuality} = \text{⚥} \implies \text{(a) is TRUE}

• Flowers can be divided into equal vertical halves in any radial plane.

Step 2

Analyze Statement (b): Calyx Characteristics

Calyx consists of 5 sepals that are united (gamosepalous, $K_{(5)}$ ), persistent (as seen in brinjal and Physalis), and exhibit valvate aestivation.

\text{Calyx} = K_{(5)} \; (\text{five sepals, united, persistent}) \implies \text{(b) is TRUE}

• Statement (b) is an accurate diagnostic feature.

Step 3

Analyze Statement (c): Androecium & Epipetaly

Androecium consists of 5 alternipetalous stamens ( $A_5$ ) whose filaments are adnate/attached to the corolla tube (epipetalous condition, denoted by an arch over $C_{(5)}$ and $A_5$ ).

\overbracket{C_{(5)} \quad A_5} \implies \text{Five stamens, epipetalous [statement (c) is TRUE]}

• Anthers are dithecous, dehiscing longitudinally or poricidally.

Step 4

Analyze Statement (d): Gynoecium & Ovary Position

The gynoecium is bicarpellary, syncarpous, with an obliquely oriented ovary and a swollen placenta bearing many ovules. Most importantly, the flower is hypogynous, meaning the ovary is SUPERIOR ( $\underline{G}_{(2)}$ ), NOT inferior.

\text{Gynoecium} = \underline{G}_{(2)} \implies \text{Ovary is SUPERIOR (statement (d) is FALSE)}

• Inferior ovary (epigynous flower) is found in Asteraceae, Cucurbitaceae, guava, and cucumber, never in Solanaceae.

Step 5

Conclusion

Statements (a), (b), and (c) are correct, while (d) is incorrect. The matching choice is Option (1).

\text{Correct Set} = \mathbf{(a), (b) \text{ and } (c) \text{ only}} \implies \text{Option (1)}

• Matches official NTA final answer key Option A / (1).

⭐

360° Option Elimination Engine Key Feature

Diagnose every choice: Know exactly why the right option works and why distractors fail.

4-Option Deep Scan

1 A

✓ 100% Correct

Verdict & Scientific Reason:

100% accurate. Solanaceae has bisexual actinomorphic flowers, united sepals, and epipetalous stamens, with a superior ovary.

💡

Why this is airtight: None; complete mastery of floral formula.

2 B

✗ Incorrect

Verdict & Scientific Reason:

Incorrect. Ovary is superior in Solanaceae, making (d) completely false.

⚠️

Student Fallacy (Why candidates pick this trap): Confusing Solanaceae with epigynous families.

3 C

✗ Incorrect

Verdict & Scientific Reason:

Incorrect. Statement (c) is also true (epipetalous stamens is a hallmark of Solanaceae).

⚠️

Student Fallacy (Why candidates pick this trap): Forgetting that stamens are epipetalous in Solanaceae.

4 D

✗ Incorrect

Verdict & Scientific Reason:

Incorrect. Includes the false statement (d).

⚠️

Student Fallacy (Why candidates pick this trap): Failing to recognize superior ovary in hypogynous flowers.

⚠️

NTA Trap Alert: Inferior vs Superior Ovary in Angiosperm Families

NEET core families (Fabaceae, Solanaceae, Liliaceae) ALL have SUPERIOR ovaries! Only families like Asteraceae (Sunflower) and Cucurbitaceae have inferior ovaries.

🛡️ How to avoid the -1 mark: Remember: All three main NCERT families (Fabaceae, Solanaceae, Liliaceae) sit high on the thalamus with SUPERIOR ovaries!

📖

Core NEET Syllabus Standard

NEET Biology Core Syllabus · Morphology of Flowering Plants Standard Benchmark

Core Scientific Principle Tested:

"Solanaceae flowers are actinomorphic, bisexual, with gamosepalous calyx, epipetalous stamens, and a superior bicarpellary syncarpous ovary with oblique septum."

Syllabus Focus: Description of Some Important Families - Solanaceae

✓ Core NEET UG Syllabus Anchor Syllabus & Academic Standards ↗

Solanaceae is Superior (Superior Ovary)! 5 Petals, 5 Stamens glued on top, (d) is inferior so it must drop!

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NEET 2026 Botany Question 113 Solution

Question

The 30-Second Exam Hall Shortcut: ⚡ Superior Solanaceae Ovary Rule

Step-by-Step Rigorous Workflow & Mathematical Proof

Analyze Statement (a): Symmetry & Sexuality

Analyze Statement (b): Calyx Characteristics

Analyze Statement (c): Androecium & Epipetaly

Analyze Statement (d): Gynoecium & Ovary Position

Conclusion

360° Option Elimination Engine Key Feature

NTA Trap Alert: Inferior vs Superior Ovary in Angiosperm Families

Core NEET Syllabus Standard

Ready to attempt under real exam pressure?

🔗 Related Questions — Morphology of Flowering Plants

Decoding Floral Symbols: Symmetry (⊕) and Gynoecium Position (G)

Structure of Monocotyledonous Seed (Aleurone Layer)

Floral Symmetry: Zygomorphic (Bilateral) Flowers

Types of Flowers Based on Ovary Position: Perigynous Flowers

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