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Identify the type of flowers based on the position of calyx, corolla and androecium with respect to the ovary from the given figures (a) and (b).
In Figure 5.13 of NCERT, diagram (a) is hypogynous, diagrams (b) and (c) are both perigynous (cup/rim shaped thalamus with half-inferior ovary), and (d) is epigynous. The two given diagrams are both perigynous forms!
Based on the position of calyx, corolla and androecium in respect of the ovary on thalamus, flowers are described as hypogynous, perigynous and epigynous.
If gynoecium is situated in the centre and other parts of the flower are located on the rim of the thalamus almost at the same level, it is called perigynous. The ovary here is said to be half inferior (e.g., plum, rose, peach). NCERT illustrates two complementary section diagrams of perigynous arrangements demonstrating variation in thalamus cup depth.
Both figures depict the gynoecium situated centrally with floral appendages attached along the elevated thalamus rim at the same horizontal plane—both are perigynous flowers.
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In hypogynous flowers the ovary occupies the highest position; in epigynous the thalamus completely encloses the ovary and fuses with it.
Both diagrams illustrate perigynous floral structures featuring half-inferior ovaries with appendages on the thalamus rim.
Diagram (b) does not show complete thalamic fusion over the ovary.
Diagram (a) shows the receptacle elevated around the gynoecium, not inferior to it.
Students intuitively assume that if two diagrams are shown, one must be hypogynous and the other perigynous or epigynous.
"If gynoecium is situated in the centre and other parts of the flower are located on the rim of the thalamus almost at the same level, it is called perigynous. The ovary here is said to be half inferior, e.g., plum, rose, peach."
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