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The errors in the measurement which arise due to unpredictable fluctuations in temperature and voltage supply are:
"Unpredictable fluctuations" is the textbook definition of Random Errors; Systematic errors have a known direction, Random errors fluctuate unpredictably!
In physics measurements, experimental errors are broadly categorized into Systematic Errors and Random Errors:
According to the standard NCERT physics syllabus, random errors are errors that occur irregularly and are random with respect to sign and size. They arise due to unpredictable fluctuations in experimental conditions such as voltage supply variations, temperature fluctuations, and mechanical vibrations.
Instrumental errors arise from zero error or calibration defects; Personal errors arise from human bias or parallax; Least count errors are associated with instrument resolution. None of these arise from unpredictable ambient fluctuations.
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Verbatim canonical definition of random errors caused by unpredictable environmental and electrical variations.
Instrumental errors are systematic errors caused by faulty design or calibration of the device.
Personal errors arise from lack of proper observer setting, parallax, or carelessness.
Least count error is the smallest division error related to resolution of the measuring tool.
Systematic errors have a constant or predictable bias. When fluctuations are explicitly described as "unpredictable", the resulting error is strictly random.
"Random errors occur irregularly due to unpredictable fluctuations in temperature, voltage, and environment, and are reduced by repeated observations."
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