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How many different proteins does the ribosome consist of?
NCERT Molecular Basis of Inheritance states verbatim under Translation: "The ribosome consists of structural RNAs and about 80 different proteins!" Instant 3-second recall!
Ribosomes are ribonucleoprotein complexes consisting of structural ribosomal RNAs () and a diverse set of ribosomal proteins (-proteins):
NCERT states verbatim in the section on Translation: "The ribosome consists of structural RNAs and about 80 different proteins. In its inactive state, it exists as two subunits; a large subunit and a small subunit."
These ~80 proteins stabilize the complex tertiary and quaternary folded architecture of the ribosomal RNAs and facilitate translation factor binding, while the peptidyl transferase catalytic activity itself is mediated by the 23S rRNA ribozyme.
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20 is the number of standard amino acids used to build proteins, not the number of ribosomal proteins.
Matches NCERT verbatim: ribosomes consist of about 80 different proteins.
60S is the sedimentation coefficient of the large subunit of eukaryotic 80S ribosomes, not the protein count.
40S is the sedimentation coefficient of the small subunit of eukaryotic 80S ribosomes, not the protein count.
Eukaryotic ribosomes are 80S with 60S and 40S subunits. Students frequently confound the subunit sedimentation coefficients (40, 60, 80) with the protein count.
"The ribosome consists of structural RNAs and about 80 different proteins."
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