Q.151 Zoology ⭐ 360° Option Elimination Active

NEET 2025 Zoology Question 151 Solution

Topic: Evolution · Official NTA Booklet Code 45

Question

Sweet potato and potato represent a certain type of evolution. Select the correct combination of terms to explain the evolution.

(1)Analogy, convergent
(2)Homology, divergent
(3)Homology, convergent
(4)Analogy, divergent

✓

Verified Against NTA Final Answer Key

Option (1) : Analogy, convergent

📚 Evolution Easy

📋 Given Parameters & Problem Setup

Example Pair Sweet potato (Ipomoea batatas) and Potato (Solanum tuberosum)

Target Combination Type of anatomical relationship and evolutionary pattern

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The 30-Second Exam Hall Shortcut: ⚡ Analogy vs Homology Fingerprint

⏱️ Save ~25 seconds

Sweet potato (ROOT modification) and Potato (STEM tuber) perform the SAME function (food storage) from DIFFERENT anatomical origins -> ANALOGY via CONVERGENT evolution!

1 Examine anatomical origins and functions from NCERT Section 7.3:

2 - Sweet potato: Modified adventitious ROOT specialized for storage.

3 - Potato: Modified underground STEM (tuber) specialized for storage.

4 - Different anatomical origins + Same function (storage of starch) = ANALOGOUS organs.

5 - Analogous structures arise due to adaptation to similar environmental needs = CONVERGENT evolution.

6 Pair: Analogy, convergent (Option 1)!

7 Solved in under 5 seconds!

🛡️

Why You Can 100% Trust This Shortcut: Homologous vs Analogous Organs & Divergent Evolution (NCERT Biology · Evolution: Forelimbs of vertebrates share common ancestry).

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Step-by-Step Rigorous Workflow & Mathematical Proof

Step 1

Morphological and Anatomical Origins of the Tubers

Examining the developmental genesis of both storage organs:

• Potato (*Solanum tuberosum*): An underground modified stem (stem tuber). It bears nodes ("eyes" with scale leaves and axillary buds) and internodes, characteristic of cauline anatomy.
• Sweet potato (*Ipomoea batatas*): A modified adventitious root (root tuber). It lacks nodes, internodes, and scale leaves.

Step 2

Evolutionary Significance: Analogy and Convergent Evolution

Relating structure and function to evolutionary trajectories:

• Analogy: Structures that are not anatomically similar (different embryonic origins) but perform similar biological functions (both store food/starch underground).
• Convergent Evolution: Different ancestral structures independently evolve similar phenotypic adaptations in response to similar selective pressures or habitats.
• NCERT states verbatim: "Sweet potato (root modification) and potato (stem modification) is another example for analogy... Analogous structures are a result of convergent evolution."

Step 3

Conclusion

The correct combination of terms is Analogy and Convergent evolution, corresponding to Option (1).

\text{Root} + \text{Stem} \xrightarrow{\text{Food Storage}} \text{Analogy (Convergent Evolution)}

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360° Option Elimination Engine Key Feature

Diagnose every choice: Know exactly why the right option works and why distractors fail.

4-Option Deep Scan

1 A

✓ 100% Correct

Verdict & Scientific Reason:

100% correct. Accurately links different anatomical origins performing similar storage functions to analogy and convergent evolution.

💡

Why this is airtight: None; textbook mastery.

2 B

✗ Incorrect

Verdict & Scientific Reason:

Incorrect. Homologous organs share a common anatomical origin (e.g., Bougainvillea thorn and Cucurbita tendril), which is not the case here.

⚠️

Student Fallacy (Why candidates pick this trap): Confusing similar function with common origin.

3 C

✗ Incorrect

Verdict & Scientific Reason:

Incorrect. Homology results from divergent evolution, not convergent evolution.

⚠️

Student Fallacy (Why candidates pick this trap): Mismatched evolutionary concepts.

4 D

✗ Incorrect

Verdict & Scientific Reason:

Incorrect. Analogy is driven by convergent evolution, never divergent evolution.

⚠️

Student Fallacy (Why candidates pick this trap): Failing to remember that analogy always pairs with convergence.

⚠️

NTA Trap Alert: HD vs AC Mnemonic Rule

Never mix up the pairs: Homology -> Divergent evolution (HD); Analogy -> Convergent evolution (AC). Sweet potato (root) and potato (stem) are AC!

🛡️ How to avoid the -1 mark: Remember: HD (High Definition = Homology Divergent) and AC (Air Conditioner = Analogy Convergent).

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Core NEET Syllabus Standard

NEET Biology Core Syllabus · Evolution Standard Benchmark

Core Scientific Principle Tested:

"Sweet potato (root) and potato (stem) are analogous organs resulting from convergent evolution."

Syllabus Focus: Evidences for Evolution · Comparative Anatomy and Morphology

✓ Core NEET UG Syllabus Anchor Syllabus & Academic Standards ↗

AC: Analogy = Convergent (Sweet Potato + Potato)!

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NEET 2025 Zoology Question 151 Solution

Question

The 30-Second Exam Hall Shortcut: ⚡ Analogy vs Homology Fingerprint

Step-by-Step Rigorous Workflow & Mathematical Proof

Morphological and Anatomical Origins of the Tubers

Evolutionary Significance: Analogy and Convergent Evolution

Conclusion

360° Option Elimination Engine Key Feature

NTA Trap Alert: HD vs AC Mnemonic Rule

Core NEET Syllabus Standard

Ready to attempt under real exam pressure?

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