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Once the undigested and unabsorbed substances enter the caecum, their backflow is prevented by-
The junction between the terminal small intestine (ileum) and the initial large intestine (caecum) is guarded by the Ileo-caecal valve, which prevents the retrograde backflow of faecal matter!
The small intestine terminates at the ileum, which opens into the blind pouch-like caecum of the large intestine:
NCERT states verbatim: "The undigested, unabsorbed substances called faeces enters into the caecum of the large intestine through ileo-caecal valve, which prevents the back flow of the faecal matter."
Gastro-oesophageal sphincter guards the cardiac stomach. Pyloric sphincter guards the gastroduodenal junction. Sphincter of Oddi guards the ampulla of Vater (hepato-pancreatic duct).
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Guards the opening between the pyloric stomach and duodenum.
Guards the hepato-pancreatic duct opening into the C-shaped duodenum.
Verbatim NCERT: the ileo-caecal valve prevents backflow of faecal matter from caecum into ileum.
Guards the cardiac opening between the oesophagus and stomach to prevent acid reflux.
Students frequently confuse true muscular sphincters (like pyloric and gastro-oesophageal sphincters) with mucosal flap valves (the ileo-caecal valve).
"Undigested substances enter the caecum of the large intestine through the ileo-caecal valve, which prevents the back flow of the faecal matter."
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