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Sphincter of oddi is present at:
The common bile duct and pancreatic duct unite into the common hepato-pancreatic duct (Ampulla of Vater), which enters the descending duodenum guarded by the Sphincter of Oddi! Select Option (2) in under 10 seconds.
Bile secreted by hepatic cells flows through right and left hepatic ducts to form the common hepatic duct. The cystic duct from the gall bladder joins the common hepatic duct to form the common bile duct (ductus choledochus). - The bile duct meets the main pancreatic duct (duct of Wirsung). - Together, they open into the second (descending) part of the duodenum as the common hepato-pancreatic duct (Ampulla of Vater). - The opening of this ampulla into the mucosal lumen of the duodenum is strictly regulated by a ring of smooth muscle fibres called the Sphincter of Oddi.
- Ileo-caecal junction: Guarded by the ileocaecal valve, preventing reflux of faecal matter from large intestine into small intestine. - Gastro-oesophageal junction: Guarded by the gastro-oesophageal sphincter (cardiac sphincter), preventing acid reflux. - Pyloric junction (stomach to duodenum): Guarded by the pyloric sphincter.
Diagnose every choice: Know exactly why the right option works and why distractors fail.
Incorrect. The ileocaecal valve guards the junction between the terminal ileum and caecum.
Correct. The sphincter of Oddi encircles the hepato-pancreatic ampulla as it empties into the duodenum.
Incorrect. The gastro-oesophageal (cardiac) sphincter guards the oesophagus-stomach boundary.
Incorrect. There is no sphincter at the duodenojejunal flexure (suspensory ligament of Treitz is present).
The sphincter of Boyden surrounds the common bile duct before joining the pancreatic duct, whereas the sphincter of Oddi surrounds the common hepato-pancreatic duct entering the duodenum. NCERT standardly tests the sphincter of Oddi at the hepato-pancreatic duct-duodenal junction.
"The common hepato-pancreatic duct opens into the duodenum and is guarded by the sphincter of Oddi."
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