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Which of the following stages of meiosis involves division of centromere?
In Anaphase I, homologous chromosomes separate while centromeres remain intact. Centromere division strictly occurs in Anaphase II (equational division, analogous to mitosis)!
Chromosome dynamics differ fundamentally between the two meiotic anaphase stages:
NCERT defines Anaphase II: "It begins with the simultaneous splitting of the centromere of each chromosome (which was holding the sister chromatids together), allowing them to move toward opposite poles of the cell."
Upon splitting of the centromere in Anaphase II, each sister chromatid officially becomes an independent individual daughter chromosome.
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In telophase, chromosomes arrive at spindle poles, decondense, and nuclear envelopes reform; centromere splitting has already occurred.
In Metaphase I, bivalent homologous pairs align at the metaphase plate; centromeres remain undivided.
In Metaphase II, individual chromosomes align at the equator, but centromeres only divide at the onset of Anaphase II.
Simultaneous splitting of centromeres is the defining biochemical event of Anaphase II.
Students frequently rush and mistake Anaphase I for centromere splitting. In Anaphase I, centromeres do NOT divide; only homologous chromosomes separate.
"Anaphase II begins with the simultaneous splitting of the centromere of each chromosome, allowing sister chromatids to move toward opposite poles."
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