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Erythropoietin hormone which stimulates R.B.C. formation is produced by:
The juxtaglomerular (JG) cells of the kidney produce the peptide hormone erythropoietin (EPO) in response to hypoxia, directly stimulating bone marrow erythropoiesis. Mark Option (4) in under 15 seconds!
Although primarily excretory organs, the kidneys perform vital endocrine functions. When systemic arterial oxygen tension drops (hypoxia, anaemia, or high altitude), specialized oxygen-sensing juxtaglomerular (JG) cells situated along afferent arterioles secrete the glycoprotein hormone erythropoietin (EPO) into the circulation.
Circulating erythropoietin binds to high-affinity EPO receptors (EpoR) on erythroid progenitor cells (CFU-E and proerythroblasts) in the red bone marrow, rescuing them from apoptosis, accelerating cellular proliferation, and boosting maturation into mature biconcave erythrocytes (RBCs).
- Alpha cells of pancreas: Synthesize and secrete *glucagon*, a hyperglycaemic peptide hormone regulating glycogenolysis. - Rostral adenohypophysis (anterior pituitary): Secretes trophic hormones (GH, PRL, TSH, ACTH, LH, FSH), not erythropoietin. - Bone marrow cells: Act as the effector / target tissue executing erythropoiesis, not the primary endocrine source of EPO.
Diagnose every choice: Know exactly why the right option works and why distractors fail.
Incorrect. Alpha cells of islets of Langerhans secrete glucagon, not erythropoietin.
Incorrect. The anterior pituitary (adenohypophysis) secretes master trophic hormones (ACTH, TSH, GH, LH, FSH, PRL), not erythropoietin.
Incorrect. Bone marrow is the haematopoietic target site stimulated by erythropoietin, not its endocrine site of production.
Correct. Juxtaglomerular cells produce and release erythropoietin to stimulate erythropoiesis.
Many candidates associate RBC formation with bone marrow and impulsively mark "cells of bone marrow", failing to read that the question asks for the hormone producer (endocrine source), not the site of erythropoiesis.
"Juxtaglomerular cells of kidney produce erythropoietin which stimulates erythropoiesis in bone marrow."
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