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Experimental verification of the chromosomal theory of inheritance was done by:
Walter Sutton and Theodore Boveri proposed the Chromosomal Theory of Inheritance in 1902. Experimental verification of the theory was conducted by Thomas Hunt Morgan using fruit flies (Drosophila melanogaster), demonstrating linkage and sex-linkage! Mark Morgan (Option 4) in 5 seconds.
In 1902, Walter Sutton and Theodore Boveri noted that the behavior of chromosomes was parallel to the behavior of genes and used chromosome movement during meiosis to explain Mendel's laws, proposing the Chromosomal Theory of Inheritance.
NCERT states verbatim: "Experimental verification of the chromosomal theory of inheritance by Thomas Hunt Morgan and his colleagues, led to discovering the basis for the variation that sexual reproduction produced."
Morgan worked with the tiny fruit fly, Drosophila melanogaster, because they could be grown on simple synthetic medium, completed their life cycle in two weeks, had high fecundity, clear sex dimorphism, and easily visible hereditary variations under low power microscopes.
Thomas Hunt Morgan (known as the Father of Experimental Genetics) uniquely performed the experimental verification.
Diagnose every choice: Know exactly why the right option works and why distractors fail.
Incorrect; Gregor Mendel published the fundamental laws of inheritance in 1865 without knowledge of chromosomes or meiosis.
Incorrect; Walter Sutton (along with Boveri) PROPOSED the chromosomal theory, but did not perform experimental laboratory verification on Drosophila.
Incorrect; Theodore Boveri co-formulated the theory theoretically alongside Sutton.
Factually exact; Thomas Hunt Morgan carried out the experimental verification on Drosophila melanogaster.
Sutton and Boveri PROPOSED the theory. Morgan EXPERIMENTALLY VERIFIED the theory using Drosophila.
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